diff --git a/django/db/models/sql/query.py b/django/db/models/sql/query.py
index c6f080dcbb..7a4cf843c1 100644
--- a/django/db/models/sql/query.py
+++ b/django/db/models/sql/query.py
@@ -1720,6 +1720,11 @@ class Query(BaseExpression):
         return target_clause, needed_inner
 
     def add_filtered_relation(self, filtered_relation, alias):
+        if "." in alias:
+            raise ValueError(
+                "FilteredRelation doesn't support aliases with periods "
+                "(got %r)." % alias
+            )
         self.check_alias(alias)
         filtered_relation.alias = alias
         relation_lookup_parts, relation_field_parts, _ = self.solve_lookup_type(
diff --git a/tests/filtered_relation/tests.py b/tests/filtered_relation/tests.py
index cdcd5c19af..e263307193 100644
--- a/tests/filtered_relation/tests.py
+++ b/tests/filtered_relation/tests.py
@@ -216,6 +216,19 @@ class FilteredRelationTests(TestCase):
             str(queryset.query),
         )
 
+    def test_period_forbidden(self):
+        msg = (
+            "FilteredRelation doesn't support aliases with periods (got 'book.alice')."
+        )
+        with self.assertRaisesMessage(ValueError, msg):
+            Author.objects.annotate(
+                **{
+                    "book.alice": FilteredRelation(
+                        "book", condition=Q(book__title__iexact="poem by alice")
+                    )
+                }
+            )
+
     def test_multiple(self):
         qs = (
             Author.objects.annotate(
diff --git a/tests/ordering/tests.py b/tests/ordering/tests.py
index afe2e3c22c..008f0239b3 100644
--- a/tests/ordering/tests.py
+++ b/tests/ordering/tests.py
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ from django.db.models import (
     When,
 )
 from django.db.models.functions import Length, Upper
-from django.db.utils import DatabaseError
 from django.test import TestCase
 
 from .models import (
@@ -411,13 +410,19 @@ class OrderingTests(TestCase):
         self.assertNotEqual(qs[0].headline, "Backdated")
 
         relation = FilteredRelation("author")
-        qs2 = Article.objects.annotate(**{crafted: relation}).order_by(crafted)
-        with self.assertRaises(DatabaseError):
+        msg = (
+            "FilteredRelation doesn't support aliases with periods "
+            "(got 'ordering_article.pub_date')."
+        )
+        with self.assertRaisesMessage(ValueError, msg):
+            qs2 = Article.objects.annotate(**{crafted: relation}).order_by(crafted)
             # Before, unlike F(), which causes ordering expressions to be
             # replaced by ordinals like n in ORDER BY n, these were ordered by
             # pub_date instead of author.
             # The Article model orders by -pk, so sorting on author will place
             # first any article by author2 instead of the backdated one.
+            # This assertion is reachable if FilteredRelation.__init__() starts
+            # supporting periods in aliases in the future.
             self.assertNotEqual(qs2[0].headline, "Backdated")
 
     def test_order_by_pk(self):