Merge bitcoin/bitcoin#34344: ci: update GitHub Actions versions

9482f00df0 chore: Update outdated GitHub Actions versions (Padraic Slattery)

Pull request description:

  This PR updates outdated GitHub Action versions to ensure compatibility and improve functionality. The following changes are made to the GitHub Actions:
  - `actions/upload-artifact` updated from v4 to v6
  - `actions/cache` updated from v4 to v5
  - `actions/download-artifact` updated from v5 to v7

  The updates are necessary to support newer environments and features, and ensure consistent behavior across different workflows. The changes will be tested in the CI pipeline of the pull request.

ACKs for top commit:
  fanquake:
    ACK 9482f00df0

Tree-SHA512: 248e79162c5b2748e1a367d87a360d62eb961c24b4f8060bb932ef99a79ef10cab3e65175c092226c90140f31686fb9424911e6609729cb186b304b598a9af44

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ jobs:
           sed -i '1s/^/set(ENV{CMAKE_POLICY_VERSION_MINIMUM} 3.5)\n/' "${VCPKG_INSTALLATION_ROOT}/scripts/ports.cmake"
 
       - name: vcpkg tools cache
-        uses: actions/cache@v4
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
         with:
           path: C:/vcpkg/downloads/tools
           key: ${{ github.job }}-vcpkg-tools
@@ -409,7 +409,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: ./.github/actions/save-caches
 
       - name: Upload built executables
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
         with:
           name: ${{ matrix.artifact-name }}-${{ github.run_id }}
           path: |
@@ -447,7 +447,7 @@ jobs:
           ref: ${{ needs.record-frozen-commit.outputs.commit }}
 
       - name: Download built executables
-        uses: actions/download-artifact@v5
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v7
         with:
           name: ${{ matrix.artifact-name }}-${{ github.run_id }}